French Alps the deep, scientists looking for dark substances

The mysterious substance, known as Dark Media, is hidden internally. It cannot be directly observed – and, its presence is assessed by the influence of gravity on the universe, such as tieting the galaxy clusters together and sharing the stars around their galaxy.

Still appeared in the new research Physical review posts Uses a “camera” to find a dark matter conversation, thus examining the nature of the funny things.

One assumption is that like the dark matter, it is still made of unknown particles who are subject to gravity force but negotiate with the common substance, the University of Chicago Professor Paulo Privatera, a spokesperson for Demk M (Moody), in the CCD.

Over the past several decades, the search for particles of dark matter has focused on the wamps, or weakened the massive particles, which are believed to be much heavier than a proton.

“But the wamps have not been found yet, yet despite the highly sensitive search of a ton of weighing a tonne, my colleague Luca Grandi’s work with the Xenont,” said Privinetira.

Extremely advanced particle experiences, including the experience of Atlas in CERN, have failed to find wamps, including the experience of Atlas in the big headron collider.

Astronomical physics are now increasing the search for mild particles, which requires extraordinary sensitive devices, because it would be almost impossible to detect indicators made by such a lowly, low -energy particles.

The Demk-M experience looks for these passionate gestures 5000 feet below the surface of the French Alps. Although he did not find a dark matter in the early runs, this experience managed to reject many such particle candidates in the name of the “hidden department”.

The detective of the hidden department

Dark matter detectors are developed around the foundation that the particles of dark matter, at very few occasions, will collide with a nucleus in an atom of the detector. Nuclear echoes can emit light, strip electrons or shake the atom’s net, which produces a signal.

The particle of lightweight dark matter is more difficult to detect.

“A heavy particle killing a nucleus is like a bowling ball that has hit another bowling ball – it will offer a big speed,” said Privinetira. “A light particle that is hitting Nuclear will be like a Ping Pong ball that is hitting the bowling ball. It will not move it at all.”

However, the invisible sector will interact with the Dark substance electrons, which are thousands of times less than a nucleus.

“It’s now like a ping pong ball that hit another ping pong ball,” said Privinetira.

A device sensitive enough to detect single electrons will be ideal to find the dark matter of the hidden sector.

The Demk-M experience uses devices, or CCDs together with charge to achieve such unprecedented sensitivity and resolution. Standard scientific CCDs are light -sensitive devices that convert photons into electrical charges, which are then processed in digital image.

They serve as a “camera” of astronomical telescopes. The CCD is also able to “imagine” the interaction, which leaves the device’s trail of power charges.

Demk-MCD is thick to maximize the detector mass for the particle interaction of the dark matter. The special CCD of this experiment is also capable of captain Red Out, an innovation that allows researchers to count electrons individually. The team only looks for pixels or clusters of adjacent pixels with a few electrons – which indicates a potentially dark matter conversation.

These collisions are extremely rare and from the background sources, such as the natural thermal fluctuations in the detector’s substance. To help minimize it, the Demk MCD -220 ° F is run.

To reduce the effects of external radiation, the detector is protected from several layers of molding. Located under the French Alps, Laborator Switrin, located in de Moden, has been sheltered more than 5,000 feet of rock from the cosmic rays. The CCD is surrounded by CCD lead, to reduce the background from naturally found in the cave walls.

“Recreation reality,” Privinerate said, “We use ancient leads from a submerged Roman ship and Spanish gallons, as its radioactive pollution has already been lost. “

For this study, the team made a prototype – a low background chamber, hosted by two CCD modules and weighs only 26 grams and took several thousand “photos” in two and a half months. He then searched for these photos for clusters of pixels, suggesting a dialogue of dark matter.

The team got 144 clusters with two electrons and only one cluster of four electrons – compatible with the expected background.

“Thus, we have not yet discovered the dark matter,” Privatera said, though he added that “being more sensitive than any other experience, it is a remarkable achievement when it is considered that they were acquired on a prototype and a small mass.”

As the search continues, the absence of a signal of the dark matter is the deep implications of the nature of the nature of the matter.

‘Freeze’ or ‘freeze out’

In one capability, the simplest scenario of the evolution of the universe begins with the balance after large blasts, dark matter and ordinary substances, and turns into equal rates.

As the universe spreads and cools down, it is difficult for ordinary particles to face each other and create dark substances, which requires high energy collision.

However, the particles of darkness do not take any energy to meet and destroy each other, returns to the common substance, so after the large explosion, the abundance of dark matter will decrease rapidly. Finally, the particles of dark matter also spread to the booty, and the amount of the amount that measures nowadays is strengthened. This scene is known as the “frozen out” of the dark matter.

In another possible scenario, the particles of the dark matter interact so weakly that dark and ordinary substances are never in balance. At the rare occasion that the dark matter is created by the dialogue of ordinary substances, it does not lag and increases large quantities.

The preparation of the dark matter, as the frozen scenario, is limited to the expansion of the universe, so the amount of darkness is eventually stabilized today. This scene is known as the “frozen” of the dark matter.

Frozen and frozen landscapes limit the properties of dark matter.

“These theoretical predictions are now examined for the first time with the outlawed results.”

For a frozen scenario, how dark matter is observed nowadays and there is a strong relationship between the possibility of its interaction. This barrier allows researchers to make clear predictions of the candidate’s particle to clearly present the possibility of communicating with the detectors’ electrons and developing a signal.

Since the team did not detect the gestures, many hidden sector candidates have not been completely excluded in this experiment-they are not present.

But for a frozen scenario, the absence of a signal does not completely reject the candidate’s existence.

“The fact is that we do not find the dark matter in our figures, the particles of the sector hidden in the universe completely form the dark matter in the universe.”

Yet if there is a hidden sector dark substance, it can be a part of all the dark matter, which includes something else.

Scaling

Following the success of the low background chamber prototype, the full Demk-MPAPAPS is ready to begin collecting data in 2026.

Scientists say that the entire data will be more likely to capture the rare interaction in the detector, and the background will decrease the background due to improvement in the apparatus material and low radioactive pollution.

The Private said, “Our target is still a hidden sector, Dark matter, which we find a portion of all the dark matter, but also write light vamps and other candidates.” “We expect that Demk-M will be an important experience in search of particles of these lowly dark substances for many years to come.”