In writing: Sarah Sherman, Ph.D.
Described: Kathleen Shaw
Imagine taking a rare, heritage tomato plant from your grandmother. Tomatoes are so juicy, tasteful and absolutely round that you have always dreamed of increasing them. But when you try to save the seeds and apply the next year, the offspring do not match the tomatoes you remember at all. The reason is that most plants are sexually reproduced, parents combine genetic material with both and have children with different features. In some cases, a plant seed may be able to jirga to produce (called ‘self -ing’); But unfortunately, genetic material usually turns into a manner where the offspring still look different from the plant.
But what if your grandmother’s precious tomato plant has a way to make the exact clone, protecting its unique features for generations to come? Apomixis is a type of irrelevant reproduction that produces precise copies of maternity plants. Let’s learn about the process of opomixes and how Scientists are trying to help the agriculture industry.

What is apomixis?
Plants are the foundations of life on the ground, which provide us with food, oxygen and countless other benefits. Most of our food comes directly from plants or animals that they eat. Production of plants is a very important process that ensures that the growth of plants continues on our planet and we have delicious food to eat.
There are two main types of plant production: sex and non -sex. Sexual reproduction occurs when the male reproductive cell (sperm inside the jirg) fertilizes the women’s reproductive cell (egg inside the fetal bag). Fertilized fetus bag is manufactured in a seed, which provides food for the new plant fetus and its development. Flower eggs are often cooked in fruits that can be dispersed from different sources, such as air, water or animals. When the seeds descend into a suitable environment, it can increase and increase a new plant that is genetically diverse from parents.
On the other hand, non -sexual regeneration produces offspring, which is genetically similar to the Mother Plant. The gardeners are probably familiar with a common form of irrelevant reproduction, called plants advertising, where new plants grow from parts of a plant, such as runners or bulbs.

Oppomixis is a type of irrelevant regeneration in plants where the plant makes a exact copy of its own seeds. Inside the plant, a certain type of tissue begins to develop in the structure like seeds where fetal is made without fertilizer. This fetus is genetically similar to the Mother Plant. Endospur, which is a food supply for developing fetal, is also formed in seeds like seeds. The seeds continue to be strong, producing a tough outer coat to protect the fetal and endospur. Once an adult, the seeds are dispersed, the evacuation and grows into a new plant that is the exact clone of his mother.
How can the agriculture industry benefit understanding Apomixis?
Promotion of traditional plants has been the foundation stone of thousands of agriculture, which allows humans to choose and cultivate plants with the required traits. Most of the plant growth is formed around hybrid enhancement: Take two very different parental plants with some desired properties in which children can be built with many desired properties. But to prepare this child plant, you have to keep your parents permanently (so that you can cross them) or somehow spread the baby as plants. And these methods can take a lot of time, money and labor.
Apomixis offers a potential solution to this challenge. By making the exact clone of a plant through your seeds, the opumics can “fix” the desired traits and protect them indefinitely. This eliminates the need for a constant breeding breed to regenerate our favorite plants. Remember that heritage tomatoes? By understanding apomixis, this type can be maintained just as you and Grandma remember.
Apomictic plants allow seed saving races and farmers to maintain their high plants for years without the need to save and maintain parental plants. This will allow breeders to maintain specific genetic combination in the crop types, to ensure that they maintain the desired traits such as high production, disease resistance, or specific flavor profiles. In addition, the storage and distribution of opumoxes can facilitate the storage and distribution of seeds, as farmers can easily save and distribute seeds without the need for complex growth protocols.

Many important crop plants contain very complex genomes, which contain several copies of each chromosome (called polypali). Due to their large and complex genomes, some polypolides are difficult to grow, and not all crossing fruits and offspring. For example, wheat, a polyplide crop, is essential for global food protection. However, nurturing new types of wheat can be difficult due to its complex genome. Apomixis can enable generation of high yields to make and maintain high production, disease -prevailing wheat types.
Although Opimxis offers important potential benefits, there are potential challenges to consider, including genetic diversity and lack of technical difficulties. However, researchers are making significant progress in understanding the genetics of Apomixis and developing strategies to overcome these obstacles. Recent development in genetic engineering and molecular biology offers hope for the establishment of types of apomatic crop in the near future.
to naked the genetics of apomixis
In the biology of the plants, it has long been a matter of how the uptomic plants ignore jargon and fertilization, but still form a fetch. A group is working to understand genetics behind this trend Hudsenalifa Institute for biotechnology. He specializes in identifying and understanding the genetic supporters in many plants’ species and in the production of plants.
Optomixis has been developed in hundreds of unrelated plants in millions of years, an event called a contradictory trait. This means that it is unlikely that irrelevant opimic plants contain the same genes that control the process. For example, researchers have found genes contained in the opmoxes in Gul Dawoodi and grass, but these genes were different in both groups. The search for genetic partners in Ophomixis will likely be based on a plant -by -plant basis.

Charity Goycritz, PhD, is a post-documentary fellow leading a National Science Foundation (NSF)- a funded research project to understand the genetic base of apoMics in wild Apple and BlackBerry species. Charity Hudsenlifa’s campus is increasing the BlackBerry plants in the Green House, which was collected from all over the world and was preserved in the USDA’s germs database. She travels and receives content from the Apple collection, maintained by the USDA in Geneva, New York. She is identifying plants that are opimatic and compare their genomes related to sexually -produced plants. The major differences between the two groups will be studied more deeply to see if they contribute to any stages of opomixes. The ultimate purpose of the charity project is to find parts of the DNA (gene) that control the opmoxis, information that can benefit from the search for the merger of the optimax into the economically valuable crop plants through a large plant growth group.