Our DNA analysis about 75,000 -year -old bone in Arctic caves shows how animals responded to the climate changing

Since the Arctic is heated faster than anywhere else on the ground, animals that are ready to avoid unusual challenges to the cold face. Although scientists are getting more information about how modern wildlife responds about climate change, we still know very few about how the species have been in the past.

Our new research investigates the oldest diverse animal community from European Arctic, which is 75,000 years ago. A deeply safe inside a cave in northern Norway, it offers an extraordinary insight on how the Arctic ecosystems work during the hot phase of the last ice era.

During the last snowy period in the Arctic region (118,000-11,000 years ago), repeated advances and snow snow retreat. It is a continuation of the full glacier conditions (studies) and hot stages (interstrates), during which the glacier withdrew from high height. As a result of these volatility conditions, animals and plants have resulted in migration and withdrawal, eventually we create animal communities that we see today.

The result of living in the iceberg area is that the reserves of the sesame reserves are easily destroyed, as the glaciers dig across the landscape and the water melts. It has left very few records of animals and ecosystem before the end of the last iceberg, about 11,000 years ago.

But it is noteworthy that a branch away from the large storestest Hola Karist cave system in Norway, a sesame storage storage for more than 75,000 years inside Ern Kamgroota.

The cave has been collided with the Arctic circle in the shadow of Norway’s National Mountain, Statand, near the small coastal town of Nurland. The region has a home of thousands of carist caves that are formed by water, which dissolves the basic bedrock, resulting in dramatic and diminishing scenes on both the top and bottom of the ground.

During the industrial mining activity for lime stone, in the early 1990s, Arn Kymiggota was detected with sovereign reserves with stored bones. In 2021 and 2022, our team – through the University of Oslo, returned to the cave to find these sesame seeds in this extraordinary deposit to better understand the diversity of the species and to dig and recover the bone content. Our reviews provide an extraordinary environmental snapshot of the last ice age.

We recovered more than 6,000 bone pieces, on which we used comparative oastology (comparing bone shapes and structures to identify species) and ancient-DNA metabarcading (by analyzing DNA wires and using species of species). Using these techniques, we identified 46 different types of animals (up to the surface of family, jeans and species), including stars, birds and fish, including the earth and the sea.

These species include the third ancient polar bear, as well as Wallers, Bowhead Wheel and Marine Birds like King Eder and Puffin. We found fish, including Arctic Grilling and Atlantic Cod. The most important search is now regionally extinct colrade lemons, the animal has not been identified in Scandinavia before.

We used various dating techniques that show that bone is about 75 75,000 years old.

The animals we find that, in this part of Norway, the coastal land was snow-free-for example, the polar deer of migrants and the easy north movement of fresh water fish. We also found a rich mix of maritime and coastal animals that support the presence of seasonal seawater.

This animal group is quite different from the Ice Age Megafona, commonly found. These include the wool mammoth and the musky bulls, which are usually associated with Memouth Stepie. These are the cold, dry grass fields that extend to most parts of Europe, North America and North Asia during the last ice age.

This difference probably reflects the coastal setting and landscape around the Arn Qimgrota, which supports a variety of ecosystem.

Some bones more ancient DNA analyzes that the lineage of the polar bear, from time to time and place, is now extinct. This shows that these animals cannot follow or seek refuge in changing housing during the last snowy periods after the last ice period. It highlights how weak the nature of the climate can be changing.

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