Paleontology

Fossil teeth of Harlan’s ground sloths typically show deep pitting, below, while teeth of Shasta ground sloths were less worn,

Hoirasaurus gigensis. Photo credit: Jorge Blanco Dinosaurs probably began in the Middle Triassic, but the earliest indistinct dinosaur specimens date

Thin sections of intact modern rat teeth with teeth were observed before staining (AC) and after von Giessen staining (DF).

Salterella from the Alted Formation in the type section along the Wind River, Yukon, Canada. Credit: Journal of Paleontology (2025)

Ardipithecus display at the National Museum of Ethiopia. Credit: Selco/Wikipedia For more than a century, scientists have been piecing together

Reconstructing primate exposure to environmental dominance. Credit: Science advances (2025) doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adr1524 When we think of lead poisoning, most of

Specimen Room 75974 of Torontocereus hypogeus from the Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto. a) Anterior view. Credit: Paul Ekoff. Bioreactive (2025)

KNM-ER 101000 craniodental remains. Credit: The nature (2025) doi: 10.1038/S41586-025-09594-8 For more than half a century, scientists have debated whether

Black goby (Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758) and a fossil otolith from the northern Adriatic shelf. Credit: Michael Stachoch (Fish) and

A nearly complete skeleton of a small, long-necked animal named “Hoirasaurus gigensis” was found in Argentina. Scientists in Argentina have

Among the examples of fossil teeth analyzed in this study, including 1) a macaque, 2) an extinct giant, a wild

Infographic shows the lead for humans in modern times compared to our ancestors. How to analyze the teeth and brain